16 results
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis
 -
- Differential ... Drug-induced AIHA - Abnormal ... Cold AIHA • PCH ... • PNH ... Extravascular #Differential
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Hemolysis - Differential ... Drug-associated, PCH ... Liver Disease, PNH ... Blood Smear ↑ abnormal ... #Differential #
Patterns of Liver Injury
Transaminase Levels:
  > 50x normal - Ischemic Hepatitis
  > 20x normal
- Infection (EBV ... Thrombosis 5-10x normal ... muscle 2-5x normal ... - Hemolysis, NASH ... transaminitis #differential
Hemolysis in Hereditary Spherocytosis. Panel A shows the structure of a normal red cell and a
Hemolysis in Hereditary ... structure of a normal ... destruction or hemolysis ... Pathophysiology #Honc ... HereditarySpherocytosis #NEJM
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
Liver Injury - Differential ... HBV, HCV, HEV, EBV ... - If both are normal ... Bilirubin: RBC (hemolysis ... injury #hepatitis #differential
Elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

LDH is a cytoplasmic enzyme present in tissues throughout
Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential ... upon damage • Normal ... : • Hemolytic ... anemia, PNH, immune ... Dehydrogenase #Elevated #differential
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Donath-Landsteiner Antibodies[PCH ... Diagnosis: • hemolytic ... - Mycoplasma, EBV ... younger pts) Differential ... Hemoglobinuria (PCH
Causes of Acute Pharyngitis
• 200 visits per year per 1000 people
   - i.e. 400
visits/year for a PCP ... (herpangina), EBV ... • Group A beta-hemolytic ... Group C & G beta-hemolytic ... Pharyngitis #Causes #differential
Causes of Splenomegaly - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Infectious
 • Bacterial
 • Viral (EBV)
 • Parasitic
 • Fungal
Congestive
Splenomegaly - Differential ... Bacterial • Viral (EBV ... Hepatic, Portal, ... Serum Sickness Hemolytic ... Spleen #Enlarged #Differential
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Bacterial Meningitis - Differential ... virus • CMV • EBV ... Mildly decreased/Normal ... glucose level, • Normal ... <40 mg/dL • Normal