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diagnosis differential treatment workup algorithm casts kidney microscopy syndrome aki barre blood disease guillain hematuria injury nephrotic testing urology atlas
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
repeat testing • Acute ... • Evidence of glomerular ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
of Glomerular Bleeding ... deposits - Post-infectious ... hematuria • Signs ... Hematuria: • Infection ... #urology #nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
tubular cells - Acute ... - Renal infection ... protein indicating acute ... Urinary tract infection ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... • Drugs Glomerular ... HSP • Post-infectious ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification Prerenal: • Dehydration • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome) • Liver failure
- TTP/HUS • Glomerular ... disease - Post-infectious ... tubular necrosis (causes ... Urinary tract infection ... Classification #diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Urine Microscopy - Casts Acellular Casts • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of acute ... in a variety of acute ... or non-infectious ... #nephrology #interpretation
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... are seen in acute ... Urinary tract infections ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Microscopy #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
disease 24-hour urine ... Serum or urine for ... present) - These infections ... are common causes ... nephrotic #nephritic #nephrology
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones Acute Managment: • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids • Facilitating passage of stone:
Kidney Stones Acute ... Managment: • Pain ... relief: NSAIDs, ... Surgical Rx: • ACUTE ... #Pediatrics #nephrology
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