8 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
onset (acute vs. chronic ... volume status (edema ... history #Diagnosis #EM ... #Differential #Algorithm ... #Ddxof
Differential Diagnosis of Pedal Edema #Diagnosis #EM #IM #Edema #LowerExtremity #Differential #Unilateral #Bilateral #Acute #Chronic #Algorithm
Diagnosis of Pedal Edema ... #Diagnosis #EM ... #IM #Edema #LowerExtremity ... Bilateral #Acute #Chronic ... #Algorithm #Ddxof
Mechanisms of Lower Extremity Edema: #Diagnosis #Pathophys #EM #IM #Edema #Lower #LowerExtremity #Causes #Starling #Oncotic #Hydrostatic
Diagnosis #Pathophys #EM ... #IM #Edema #Lower ... LowerExtremity #Causes ... Differential #Mechanism #Algorithm ... #Ddxof
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... diuretics) With edema ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... diuretics) With edema ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia ... Nephrotic Syndrome, Chronic ... MH/CCF/CWRU EM ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Creatinine • Chronic ... renal failure • AKI ... antagonism • NSAlDs ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
K+, ACEi/ARBs, NSAIDs ... , RTA Type IV, AI ... only if no clear cause ... caution in HTN & edema ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology