1427 results
Hypo-osmolar Hypotonic HypoNatremia Algorithm (Serum Na+ < 135 meq/L, serum Osm < 275 mosm/kg)
Assess Volume Status,
Algorithm (Serum Na ... Status, Check Urine Na ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Table

 • Step 1: Correct for hyperglycemia. Corrected Na = [(glucose - 100)/
Corrected Na = [ ... Urine Osm • Na ... of total body Na ... Diagnosis #Table #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
acid >4 • Urine Na ... losses • Urine Na ... acid >4 • Urine Na ... syndrome • Urine Na ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Fractional Excretion of Sodium - FENa
Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa) = (Urine Na+ x Serum Cr)
FENa) = (Urine Na ... Serum Cr) / (Serum Na ... Excretion #Sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia with Severe Symptoms - Management Algorithm with Hypertonic Saline
The goal of acute management is to
is to raise the Na ... have raised the Na ... probably not the low Na ... Hypertonic #Saline #nephrology
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
diuretics: • Inhibit Na ... diuretics: • Inhibit Na ... diuretics: • Inhibit Na ... diuretics: • Promote Na ... #Pharmacology #nephrology
Hyponatremia Correction
1. Indications for Hypertonic Saline: seizure, coma, focal findings
   - typically occurs with
typically occurs with Na ... with increasing Na ... rate #management #nephrology
Hyperkalemic Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Type 4 - 

Failure to acidify urine in collecting duct
due to reduced Na ... Diagnosis #Management #Nephrology
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
reabsorption 5) ↓ Na ... Pathophysiology #diagnosis #nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Renal glucosuria - Na ... Bartter syndrome - Na-K ... Thiazide-sensitive Na—Cl ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology