9 results
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Urine Output > ... Water Diuresis (Urine ... Mixed Diuresis (Urine ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... - Urine Output ... day, Increased Urine ... Osmotic Diuresis Urine ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... 145 mmol/L High Urine ... diuresis (see Polyuria ... glucosuria Low Urine ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
Causes of Polyuria ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Mimics (↑ urine ... frequency without ↑ urine ... #Causes #nephrology
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology ... → Increased urine ... SaltWasting #SIADH #Pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #hyponatremia #comparison
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Nephrotic #Syndrome #Comparison ... #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... renal function/urine ... Polyphagia • Polyuria ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis ... , oral cavity) Caused ... hyperglycemia —+ mild polyuria ... ↑ 24-hour urine ... signs #symptoms #endocrinology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
damage: bland urine ... Pathophysiology: ... • Bland urine ... • Urine sodium ... Syndrome #Hepatology #Nephrology