10 results
Infective endocarditis - etiology and sources of infection. 
 • Native and prosthetic 
valve endocarditis
 •
and sources of infection ... • Native and ... #Sources #Causes ... Bacteria #Etiology #Differential ... #Microbiology #
Causes of blood culture negative infective endocarditis

Bartonella spp, Brucella spp, Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia spp, Tropheryma whipplei,
culture negative ... infective endocarditis ... #differential # ... #culture #negative ... InfectiousDiseases #Microbiology
Endocarditis Algorithm - Infective vs Noninfective Causes
Noninfective:
 • Malignancy
 • Autoimmune disease
 • Systemic infection
Native Valve
Endocarditis Algorithm ... vs Noninfective Causes ... disease • Systemic infection ... • HACEK • Culture-negative ... #Differential #
Streptocccus Pneumoniae
Microbiology: Gram Positive, Alpha-hemolytic, Catalase Negative
Epidemiology - 10% adult carriers:
 • Most common cause of:
Alpha-hemolytic, Catalase Negative ... • Most common cause ... media • Important cause ... sinus • Sputum culture ... Specificity of 97%) Treatment
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
Blood Culture-Negative ... Infective Endocarditis ... but important causes ... #Infective #Endocarditis ... #diagnosis #differential
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Hypercoagulable (APLAS) Microbiology ... • Coagulase-negative ... Septic Emboli Cause ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... Treat underlying cause
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
and Differential ... Hypercoagulable (APLAS) Microbiology ... Negative: • Bartonella ... hematuria, + RF Treatment ... #Differential #
Capnocytophaga
Pathogen: Capnocytophaga
 • 9 species, C. canimorsus responsible for the majority of infections
 • Gram-negative rod,
the majority of infections ... • Gram-negative ... 13%), Pneumonia, Endocarditis ... microorganism (Culture ... Capnocytophaga #canimorsus #microbiology
Pyogenic liver abscess in children
Common bacterial causes in children:
 • S.aureus
 • Strep spp
 • Enteric
Common bacterial causes ... • Enteric gram negative ... artery (e.g., endocarditis ... pediatrics #children #peds ... #differential #
Majocchi’s Granuloma due to Trichophyton rubrum 
This is GMS stain and culture of a skin biopsy
/ foot + tinea pedis ... Treatment: Itraconazole ... tissues - mainly caused ... Majocchi granuloma Treatment ... clinical #photo #microscopy