836 results
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
ALP enzyme- Discovered ... in 1923 Low ALP ... 1948 by Rathbun ALP ... inflammation • nephrocalcinosis ... Renal failure - Nephrocalcinosis
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
phos/ULN ALP) ... Cholestasis • ALP ... disease • If ALP ... both are normal - ALP ... • Elevation of ALP
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
or AST > ALP): ... • Severe - ALT ... • Moderate - ALT ... Cholestatic Pattern (ALP ... > ALT or AST):
Liver Function Test (LFTs) Elevation
AST - Cardiac and skeletal muscle, kidney, brain
ALT - More specific for
kidney, brain ALT ... for the liver ALP ... Transaminase, ALP ... / ULN ALT) / (ALP ... / ULN ALP)
Indications for Parathyroidectomy in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • All patients with symptomatic PHPT
 • Serum calcium 1
Hyperparathyroidism • All ... nephrolithiasis or nephrocalcinosis
Medullary Nephrocalcinosis on POCUS
Medullary nephrocalcinosis can be a clue for its most common underlying cause (
Medullary Nephrocalcinosis ... POCUS Medullary nephrocalcinosis ... EmergOmBur #Medullary #Nephrocalcinosis
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
• Cisplatin, Amp ... hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
specificity to elevated ALP ... • AST/ALT > ALP ... GGT/5-NT: ↑ - ALP ... disease - If ALP ... hemolysis) • ALP
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis
Liver Enzymes (LFTs) - Causes of Hepatocellular and Cholestatic Liver Injury
Hepatocellular Liver Injury
 • AST/ALT elevation
Injury • AST/ALT ... elevation > Alk ... phos • ALT more ... • R value = (ALT ... + ULN ALT) / (alkaline