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diagnosis algorithm hypokalemia hyperkalemia treatment metabolic alkalosis hyponatremia kidney low syndrome hematuria polyuria urology acidosis acute aki chloride hematology high
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Investigations: full blood ... osmolarity If cause ... screen, including blood ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
→ Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified ... #blood #urine
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... • 1ml blood/liter ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine # ... blood
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
potassium excretion ... • Acute renal ... diet • Blood ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology ... #potassium #differential
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Type 1 Totally scuppers the kidney's acidification mechanism. Will be
Distal Renal Tubular ... Failure to acidify urine ... Distal #Diagnosis #Management ... #Nephrology #Causes ... #Differential #
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Fluids Shift potassium ... (if preserved renal ... peaks 1-2h) • Blood ... #Hyperkalemia #management ... #potassium #nephrology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Urine Output > 3L /day Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg) • Primary
Polyuria - Differential ... Dl • Chronic Renal ... #Polyuria #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... GI losses • Renal ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Approach to Hypomagnesemia Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
of magnesium = (urine ... serum magnesium x urine ... Hypomagnesemia #algorithm #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #magnesium
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