1993 results
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Na <20: Extra-renal ... losses • Urine ... Na >30: Renal losses ... Na > 30: Renal ... #sodium #low #nephrology
General approach to AKI - Checklist

Urine electrolytes & FENa - Previously, it was believed that urine
- Checklist Urine ... believed that urine ... differentiate between pre-renal ... and intrinsic renal ... AcuteKidneyInjury #Nephrology
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Serum K, Urine pH < 5.5 - Proximal RTA
Decreased
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Decreased Serum K, Urine ... = Hyperkalemic Renal ... uncimchiefs #RTA #Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Sulfa Crystals on Urine Microscopy
Sulfa Crystal!  Drug-induced crystalluria is a cause of acute renal failure
Sulfa Crystals on Urine ... cause of acute renal ... solubles in acidic urine ... Sulfa #Crystals #Urine ... crystalluria #clinical #nephrology
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
of magnesium = (urine ... serum magnesium x urine ... cells FEMg >4% = renal ... magnesium loss if renal ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
- RenalUrine ... Renal Loss of HCO3 ... - Renal insufficiency ... Hypoaldosteronism - Renal ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
WBCs, or urine ... → Urine culture ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Diagnosis Algorithm Urine ... Water Diuresis (Urine ... Mixed Diuresis (Urine ... Dl • Chronic Renal ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Osmolarity 2) Urine ... Osmolarity 3) Urine ... High Uric Acid → renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
differential, urine ... dipstick, urine ... Myeloma: serum / urine ... blood culture, urine ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology