15 results
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Metolazone Loop ... the collecting duct ... loss through the nephron ... the collecting duct ... #thiazide #classes
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Segments of the Nephron ... organic acids and bases ... acid and most diuretics ... Medullary collecting duct ... Segments #Function #Pathophysiology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Mg > 10g • Loop ... Diuretics • Hypercalcemia-PTH ... Magnesium #Low #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... (loop/thiazide) ... #Causes
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Metabolic Acidosis Causes ... and chronic) Causes ... Generalized distal nephron ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinicians should also look ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... #causes #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... #causes #urinary
Tinnitus - Subjective (heard only by patient) - 90% - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unilateral On Audiogram -
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Metabolic Causes ... Propranolol, Levodopa, Loop ... Diuretics) • ... #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... the indicated causes