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diagnosis causes nephrology hypokalemia metabolic alkalosis chloride low nongap pharmacology potassium urinary acidosis aniongap conversion function hearing hypomagnesemia magnesium management
Diuretics - Pharmacology Thiazides diuretics: • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Metolazone Loop ... the collecting duct ... loss through the nephron ... the collecting duct ... #thiazide #classes
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Segments of the Nephron ... acid and most diuretics ... limb of Henle's loop ... Medullary collecting duct ... Segments #Function #Pathophysiology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Mg > 10g • Loop ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm GI Losses - Gastric • Vomiting • NG suction GI
Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... (loop/thiazide) ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... #causes #urinary
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Ureterosigmoidostomy, jejunal loop ... , ileal loop ... Generalized distal nephron ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential
Tinnitus - Subjective (heard only by patient) - 90% - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Unilateral On Audiogram -
patient) - 90% - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Propranolol, Levodopa, Loop ... Diuretics) • ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinicians should also look ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... #diagnosis #algorithm
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... Loop diuretics for ... Rhabdomyolysis #Differential ... Management #Summary #causes
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