16 results
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Segments of the Nephron ... and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... acid and most diuretics ... #Pathophysiology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... RENAL LOSS: - Diuresis ... transport, renal function ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Pathophysiology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine chloride < 20 mmol/l - Chloride responsive (Chloride
Causes of Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Vomiting • NG suction ... fibrosis • Remote diuretic ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Causes
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Definition: • Functional ... • Caused by splanchnic ... Pathophysiology: ... • Tubular function ... Exclude other AKI causes
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Vomiting, NGT suction ... Low Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... #Nephrology #Causes
Causes of Peripheral Weakness - With and Without Sensory Changes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
With Sensory Changes:
Causes of Peripheral ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Weakness • Motor Neuron ... Neuromuscular Junction ... #Causes
Hyperuricemia: Pathogenesis and Complications

 - Hypercalcemia (due to diseases like Sarcoidosis and Hyperparathyroidism) -> Accumulation of
arteriole in the nephron ... dose salicylates, diuretics ... tubule in the nephron ... Release of purine bases ... Hyperuricemia #Pathophysiology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... Vomiting/nasogastric suction ... pressure: Active diuretic ... #causes #urinary
Causes of Peripheral Weakness without Sensory Changes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
No Objective Weakness
 • Cardio-pulmonary disease
Causes of Peripheral ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Disease Motor Neuron ... Neuromuscular Junction ... #Causes
SGLT2 Inhibitors 
SGLT2 inhibitors are the newest class of anti-diabetic medications, with the first one (Canagliflozin)
reabsorption in the nephron ... kidney), which causes ... are similar to diuretics ... have good kidney function