32 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Vomiting, NGT suction ... Diuretics (late ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Vomiting, NGT suction ... Diuretics (late ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... #Nephrology #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... GI losses (NG suction ... • Discontinued diuretic ... #nephrology #low
NSAIDS and their effects on the Kidney - Pathophysiology

Arachidonic Acid metabolites into alternative pathways that modify
on the Kidney - Pathophysiology ... modify immune function ... distal component of Nephron ... decreased renal blood flow ... KidneyDisease #nephrology
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome
 • Increased renal interstitial pressure
 • Hypoperfusion
 • Reduced
Mechanisms of nephron ... Reduced renal blood flow ... activities • Diuretic ... syndrome #Mechanisms #pathophysiology ... #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Decreased Intake: • Low ... RENAL LOSS: - Diuresis ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Vomiting • NG suction ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... • Euvolemic (Low ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... Helbert Rondon, MD @NephroMD ... hyponatremia #diagnosis #differential ... #nephrology