15 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
cardiac, liver, renal ... Diagnosis #EM #IM #Nephro ... #Hyponatremia #Hypovolemic ... #Euvolemic #Hypervolemic ... #Differential #Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... Hypernatremia: • Hypovolemic ... access to H2O • Hypervolemic ... Hypernatremia: • Hypovolemic ... nephrogenic) • Hypervolemic
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Renal Failure ... Dependent: • Hypovolemic ... - GI losses, renal ... • Hypervolemic
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic ... Na <20: Extra-renal ... Urine Na >30: Renal ... Primary polydipsia Hypervolemic ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
HYPOVOLEMIC • ... extra-renal volume ... - fevers • renal ... psychogenic polydipsia HYPERVOLEMIC ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Hyperkalemic Type 4 RTA
 • Hypokalemic Type 1 RTA
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... - Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Hyperkalemic ... Type 4 RTA • Hypokalemic ... Acidosis #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypovolemia, UNa ... wasting syndrome Hypovolemia ... hormone secretion Hypervolemia ... failure Hypervolemia
An intuitive way to use ultrasound to evaluate sick patients along the peri-shock to full shock
#Diagnosis #POCUS ... Evaluation #Protocol #Algorithm ... #Low #Abdomen #Hypovolemic
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm ... EABV) - Consider: Hypovolemia ... solute intake, Renal ... Helbert Rondon, MD @NephroMD ... #differential #algorithm
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Serum K, Urine pH < 5.5 - Proximal RTA
Decreased
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine pH > 6.0 - Hypokalemic ... Increased Serum K = Hyperkalemic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm