19 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
cardiac, liver, renal ... Diagnosis #EM #IM #Nephro ... #Hyponatremia #Hypovolemic ... #Euvolemic #Hypervolemic ... #Differential #Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... , Ingestion Renal ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Renal Failure ... - GI losses, renal ... • Hypervolemic ... #causes #nephrology
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm ... EABV) - Consider: Hypovolemia ... solute intake, Renal ... Helbert Rondon, MD @NephroMD ... #causes #nephrology
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Hyperkalemic Type 4 RTA
 • Hypokalemic Type 1 RTA
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... - Diagnosis Algorithm ... Type 4 RTA • Hypokalemic ... Acidosis #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
HYPOVOLEMIC • ... extra-renal volume ... psychogenic polydipsia HYPERVOLEMIC ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic ... Na <20: Extra-renal ... Primary polydipsia Hypervolemic ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypovolemia, UNa ... wasting syndrome Hypovolemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Framework Pre-Renal ... : • Hypovolemia ... Hypercalcemia, Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes #algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • G-CSF • Hypokalemic ... Medications Renal ... Losses Non-renal ... #nephrology #low