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diagnosis management nephrology differential emergencies hyponatremia mds myelodysplastic oncologic syndrome algorithm aplastic arteritis cancer classification diuresis excretion gca giantcell hemeonc
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... • Osmotic diuresis ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
Hypernatremia - ... unavailable 2) Osmotic Diuresis ... Diabetes Insipidus: neurogenic ... , nephrogenic 4 ... management #nephrology #sodium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
nephrotic syndrome • Hyponatremia ... Kidney stones caused ... Lithium-induced nephrogenic ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... and euvolemic hyponatremia
Oncologic Emergencies - Differential Diagnosis Framework HEMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES: Hyperviscosity Syndrome: • Spontaneous bleeding • Shortness of breath
Diagnosis Framework HEMATOLOGIC ... • Early death Neutropenic ... Constipation • Nausea ... coma SIADH: • Hyponatremia ... • Nausea, vomiting
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
old, ~10,000 new cases ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... only curative treatment ... Diagnosis #Management #treatment ... #hematology #oncology
Hypertonic Saline for Treatment of Hyponatremic Encephalopathy 1) 100 ml bolus of 3% NaCl over 10 min.
Hypertonic Saline for Treatment ... hours. 2) Serum sodium ... Increase in sodium ... of a free water diuresis ... management #protocol #hyponatremia
Management of Hyponatremia Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125 Give
Management of Hyponatremia ... Failure - Add Diuretics ... Add Diuretics, Consider ... SIADH — look for cause ... #sodium
Aplastic Anemia - Overview Who? • M = F • 3 peaks: 1) Childhood 2) 15-25 years 3) >60 years What? • Aplastic anemia
Aplastic Anemia ... • Aplastic anemia ... and petechiae Causes ... Treatment: ... #oncology #hematology
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) What? Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
factor (GCSF) treatments ... marrow studies Treatment ... Immunosuppressive treatment ... Syndromes #diagnosis #hematology ... #oncology
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies Neutropenic fever: - Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
Summary of Oncologic ... Emergencies Neutropenic ... syndrome): - Hematologic ... Treat underlying cause ... Adjuncts: loop diuretics
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