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diagnosis management nephrology differential emergencies hyponatremia oncologic syndrome algorithm anthracycline cancer cardiology cardiotoxicity chemotherapy diuresis excretion hemeonc hepatology hepatorenal her2
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... • Osmotic diuresis ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
Hypernatremia - ... unavailable 2) Osmotic Diuresis ... Diabetes Insipidus: neurogenic ... , nephrogenic 4 ... management #nephrology #sodium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
nephrotic syndrome • Hyponatremia ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Oncologic Emergencies - Differential Diagnosis Framework HEMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES: Hyperviscosity Syndrome: • Spontaneous bleeding • Shortness of breath
Diagnosis Framework HEMATOLOGIC ... • Early death Neutropenic ... Constipation • Nausea ... coma SIADH: • Hyponatremia ... • Nausea, vomiting
Management of Hyponatremia Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125 Give
Management of Hyponatremia ... Failure - Add Diuretics ... Add Diuretics, Consider ... SIADH — look for cause ... #sodium
Hypertonic Saline for Treatment of Hyponatremic Encephalopathy 1) 100 ml bolus of 3% NaCl over 10 min.
Hypertonic Saline for Treatment ... hours. 2) Serum sodium ... Increase in sodium ... of a free water diuresis ... management #protocol #hyponatremia
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies Neutropenic fever: - Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
Summary of Oncologic ... Emergencies Neutropenic ... syndrome): - Hematologic ... Treat underlying cause ... Adjuncts: loop diuretics
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) Definition: • Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment. • Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
• Caused by splanchnic ... Exclude other AKI causes ... • Urine sodium ... Treatment Overview ... Hepatorenal #Syndrome #Hepatology
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview Epidemiology: • F > M: 9:1 • 5-6th Decades (can be any age) Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
Hypocomplementemia • Can cause ... Membranoproliferative GN • Nephrogenic ... DI Hematologic ... Adenocarcinoma Treatment ... lubricants • Pharmacologic
Management of Anthracyclines and HER2 Antagonist Cardiotoxicity Anthracyclines cause cardiomyopathy: ✖ Reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction
Anthracyclines cause ... ) and initiate treatment ... antagonist (MRA) plus diuretic ... Cardiotoxicity #cardiology #oncology ... #pharmacology #
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