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nephrology diagnosis differential hyponatremia treatment table workup barre cancer chronic ckd diuretics emergencies excretion guillain guillainbarre high hyperkalemia hypertension hypotonic
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... • Osmotic diuresis ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... volume loss - diuretics ... EUVOLEMIC • SIADH ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... restriction alone in SIADH ... , Renal Sodium loss ... #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Algorithm Hypertonic ... OFF (UNa > 30): SIADH ... , Medications (diuretics ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemic - Give volume Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Diagnosis Algorithm ... treat underlying cause ... , SSRIs) - SIADH ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #sodium
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... #Causes #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... • Hypovolemia: Diuretics ... • Euvolemia: SIADH ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
irrigation • Management ... Torsemide) • Acute ... Kidney stones caused ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... and euvolemic hyponatremia
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