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diagnosis nephrology differential hyponatremia treatment table ckd diuresis excretion guillain guillainbarre high hypertension hypotonic low medications pharmacology physiologic renal resistant
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... • Osmotic diuresis ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Causes
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... diagnosis #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
, Dehydration: neurologic ... unavailable 2) Osmotic Diuresis ... Diabetes Insipidus: neurogenic ... Diagnosis #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
irrigation • Management ... nephrotic syndrome • Hyponatremia ... Kidney stones caused ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness Epidemiology: • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Epidemiology: • 1-2 cases ... Decreased / Absent Reflexes ... /constipation, hyponatremia ... Syndrome #diagnosis #management ... #treatment #neurology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... • Hypovolemia: Diuretics ... #Differential #Algorithm ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Management of Hyponatremia Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125 Give
Management of Hyponatremia ... Failure - Add Diuretics ... Add Diuretics, Consider ... #Management #algorithm ... #treatment #sodium
Algorithm for Diagnosis and Management of Resistant Hypertension in CKD Pseudoresistant Hypertension - Reduce barriers to adherence:
and Management ... Modifications • Low sodium ... Consider other causes ... Add loop diuretic ... mineralocorticoid antagonist →Refer
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