13 results
Diuretic Electrolyte Excretion Effects 
Diuresis, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3-, Uric Acid
 - Thiazide Type
Diuretic Electrolyte ... Acid - Thiazide Type ... - Epithelial Sodium ... electrolytes #effects #pharmacology ... #comparison #table
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... • Osmotic diuresis ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... Causes #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Gestational DI, Nephrogenic ... - Osmotic diuretic ... , Loop diuretics ... Classification #Features #Diagnosis ... #Comparison #Table
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Types of Urinary Incontinence and Their Management:

The various types of urinary incontinence, along with the usual
Types of Urinary ... The various types ... Functional #Diagnosis ... #Comparison #Table ... Urge #Overflow #Neurogenic
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... irrigation • Management ... nephrotic syndrome • Hyponatremia ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
Neurological event 2) Sodium ... ) Naturiesis → diuresis ... Pathophysiology #diagnosis ... #nephrology #hyponatremia ... #comparison
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
Differential Diagnosis ... unavailable 2) Osmotic Diuresis ... Diabetes Insipidus: neurogenic ... #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Shock and Vasoactive Drugs 
1) Determine type and etiology of shock
 • Distributive: Sepsis, Anaphylaxis, Neurogenic
1) Determine type ... , Anaphylaxis, Neurogenic ... vasoactive drug pharmacology ... #inopressors #diagnosis ... #management #comparison
Shock Types - Classification
State of cellular and tissue hypoxia due to: reduced oxygen delivery, increased oxygen
Shock Types - Classification ... - Most common type ... to infection • Neurogenic ... due to loss of Sodium ... #diagnosis #management