11 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... • Nephrogenic ... #Causes #nephrology ... #sodium #high
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Hypernatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Diabetes Insipidus ... #Management #Algorithm ... #Sodium #nephrology
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Insensible losses Sodium ... Diabetes Insipidus ... #Table #Causes
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Euvolemic: Diabetes insipidus ... (central or nephrogenic ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
Differential Diagnosis ... post-obstructive 3) Diabetes Insipidus ... : neurogenic, nephrogenic ... #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Central or neurogenic ... cell disease, Drugs ... Treatment is aimed ... Classification #Types #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
of epithelial sodium ... diabetes insipidus ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential ... #Table
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... irrigation • Management ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... Treatment: Treatment ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Primary Polydipsia
Definition: Excessive volitional water intake
Epidemiology:
 • 6-20% of patients with psychiatric disorders - Most commonly
• Symptomatic hyponatremia ... : Diabetes Insipidus ... Urine Osm, Serum Sodium ... , Urine Sodium ... #management #nephrology