52 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, Differential ... - Nephrotic syndrome ... - Acute and ... chronic kidney disease ... Classification #Differential
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... #Differential # ... Causes #nephrology #sodium
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Inherited Defects in Kidney ... cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... Inherited #Defects #Kidney ... Nephrology #Diagnosis #Differential
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Acute Kidney Injury ... (AKI) - Differential ... Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ... Nephrolithiasis) • Neurogenic ... #Kidney #Injury
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... - Differential ... Insensible losses Sodium ... sensitivity in kidneys ... #Differential #
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PRE-Renal AKI:
 • Hypovolemia
 • Congestion
 • Medications
 •
Acute Kidney Injury ... (AKI) - Differential ... External obstruction, Neurogenic ... #Kidney #Injury ... #Differential #
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Acute Kidney Injury ... a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome ... a.k.a. hepatorenal syndrome ... obstruction) • Neurogenic ... #Kidney #Injury
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
Differential Diagnosis ... The differential ... Diabetes Insipidus: neurogenic ... #Differential # ... management #nephrology #sodium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Torsemide) • Acute ... • Hyponatremia ... • Nephrogenic ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... and euvolemic hyponatremia