34 results
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... Insensible losses Sodium ... congenital disorders Nephrogenic ... sensitivity in kidneys ... Various renal diseases
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
Dehydration: neurologic disease ... Diabetes Insipidus: neurogenic ... , nephrogenic 4 ... #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
irrigation • Management ... syndromeHyponatremia ... syndromeNephrogenic ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... and euvolemic hyponatremia
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Treatment: Treatment ... demyelination syndrome ... vaptans (HF/liver disease ... #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Management Principles
Prerenal - Correct hemodynamic derangements:
 • If low preload →
Acute Kidney Injury ... (AKI) - Management ... • Hepatorenal syndrome ... ureteral stent(s) • Neurogenic ... #management
Patient factors influencing the selection Of glucose-lowering drugs Other than SGLT2i and metformin in T2D and
cardiovascular disease ... CKD. chronic kidney ... disease, DPP4i ... agonist SGLT2i. sodium-glucose ... #treatment #CHART
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS)
Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH)

What?
A subset of
Heart, lung, and kidney ... 10,000 ng/mL • Hyponatremia ... Treatment: • Corticosteroids ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #Hematology #Rheumatology
Behcet's Syndrome - Treatment
Ulcers:
 • Treatment: Topical steroids
 • Prevention: Colchicine
 • Azathioprine for refractory disease
Arthritis:
Behcet's Syndrome ... : • Treatment: ... #Syndrome #Treatment ... #management #pharmacology ... #rheumatology
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Summary
Antinuclear (ANA) - 95% - Initial screening test
Anti-dsDNA - 50%
 • Associated
block • Sjogren syndrome ... polymyositis overlap syndrome ... Treatment: • ... Summary #diagnosis #rheumatology ... #management
Acquired von Willebrand Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management
 • Autoantibodies to vWF: Lymphoproliferative disorders (e.g. lymphoma,
von Willebrand Syndrome ... Diagnosis and Management ... thrombocythemia), Autoimmune disease ... vonWillebrand #Syndrome ... #treatment #hematology