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diagnosis differential hyponatremia table algorithm management treatment causes diuretics low workup binders cerebral classification constipation defects diuresis effects electrolytes enema
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
sodium channels ... sodium channels ... exchanger,H+-ATPase Nephrogenic ... -2 deficiency Nephrogenic ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Diuretic Electrolyte Excretion Effects Diuresis, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3-, Uric Acid - Thiazide Type
Antagonist - Epithelial ... Sodium Channel ... electrolytes #effects #pharmacology ... #comparison #table
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... administration #Hypernatremia ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology ... #sodium #high
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... - Cushing's syndrome ... Gestational DI, Nephrogenic ... Features #Diagnosis #Comparison ... #Table #Nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... mmol/L - true hyponatremia ... • nephrotic syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #Nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Algorithm #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 1) Neurological event 2) Sodium loss from tubules 3) Naturiesis →
Neurological event 2) Sodium ... Pathophysiology #diagnosis #nephrology ... #hyponatremia # ... comparison
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
Hypernatremia - ... Diabetes Insipidus: neurogenic ... , nephrogenic 4 ... Treatment #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... SatyaPatelMD #Volume #Hyponatremia ... algorithm #diagnosis #sodium ... #low #nephrology
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