20 results
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... Insensible losses Sodium ... congenital disorders Nephrogenic ... in kidneys) - Medications ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Medications Used in Hypertensive Emergencies
Vasodilators: Hydralazine, Nitroglycerin, Sodium nitroprusside 
Calcium Channel Blockers: Clevidipine, Nicardipine
ß-Blockers: Esmolol, Labetalol,
Medications Used ... Nitroglycerin, Sodium ... #Hypertension #Medications ... Management #Treatment #Pharmacology ... #Table
Antiarrhythmics - Sodium Channel Blockers
Subclasses, Mechanisms, Indications, Side Effects
la - Quinidine, Procainamide
lb - Lidocaine, Mexiletine
Ic -
Antiarrhythmics - Sodium ... Subclasses, Mechanisms, Indications ... Antiarrhythmics #Sodium ... Na #cardiology #pharmacology ... #table #comparison
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... > 30): SIADH, Medications ... Algorithm #diagnosis #sodium
Antiarrhythmic Medications - Vaughan Williams Classification - Summary Table
Class I agents - Sodium Channel Blockers⠀
Class II
Antiarrhythmic Medications ... Classification - Summary Table ... Class I agents - Sodium ... Antiarrhythmic #Medications ... #pharmacology #
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... - Hypervolemic hypernatremia ... - Cushing's syndrome ... Gestational DI, Nephrogenic ... Diagnosis #Comparison #Table
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... exchanger,H+-ATPase Nephrogenic ... -2 deficiency Nephrogenic ... #Differential #Table
Beta Blockers - Pharmacology Comparison Table
Metoprolol:
 • Receptors: β1
 • Indications: Rate control of a-fib/a-flutter, Suppression
Beta Blockers - Pharmacology ... Comparison Table ... Acute coronary syndrome ... Beta #Blockers #Pharmacology ... #Comparison #Table
Muscarinic Receptor Agonists and Antagonists 
Muscarinic Receptor Agonists
Methacholine
 • Diagnosis of bronchial airway
Carbachol
 • Glaucorna (topical
postoperative, neurogenic ... bladder, enuresis, neurogenic ... #Antagonists #Medications ... #Pharmacology # ... Table