21 results
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... chronic kidney diseases ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation ... #diagnosis
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
• Fanconi's syndrome ... - WBC/RBC casts ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... Minimal change disease ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
HPF spun urine sediment ... basement membrane disease ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... of glomerular disease ... causes #urology #nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Disease Associations ... Advanced kidney disease ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... #Differential #Microscopy ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Summary of characteristic abnormalities of selected glomerular diseases
Light Microscopy (LM) - Immunofluorescence Microscopy (IM) - Electron
• Lupus ISN/RPS ... Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome ... Nephrotic syndrome ... #nephrology #pathology ... comparison #table #diagnosis
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
and Differential Diagnosis ... dipstick, urine microscopy ... / urinary sediment ... investigations depending on clinical ... #nephrology #causes
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
(SPS) - Diagnosis ... Prevalence: 1-2 cases ... Clinical Manifestations ... sleep DDx: • Neuromyotonia ... #SPS #Diagnosis
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
antimicrobials, clinical ... BCNIE Diagnostic ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... exists Infectious Diseases ... #Endocarditis #diagnosis
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
• Active Urine Sediment ... dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts ... (Dense deposit disease ... anti-phospholipid syndrome ... #diagnosis #renal
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
hemolytic-uremic syndrome ... cell/white cell casts ... cluster, the diseases ... nephritic urine sediment ... #nephrology