161 results
Indications for Transfusion
Packed RBCs
 • Hgb <7 g/dL or hematocrit <21% in a patient with uncompromised
Transfusion Packed RBCs ... • Prophylaxis (nonbleeding ... Thresholds #Management #RBCs
Urine Microscopy and Casts - Image Atlas Key

- Squamous Epithelial Casts
- Transitional Epithelial Cells
- Renal Tubular
Hyaline Cast - WBCs ... - Monomorphic RBCs ... - Dysmorphic RBCs ... - WBC Cast - RBC
Causes of Anemia with Normal Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased WBCs
 - Decreased/NormaI
Normal/lncreased WBCs ... Macrocytes, Normal RBCs ... Polychromatic Macrocytes, RBC ... Spherocytes, RBC ... ) - Abnormal RBCs
Thresholds for Transfusion of Platelets in Adults
Major surgery or invasive procedure, no active bleeding - 
≤
rarely) Stable, nonbleeding ... < 10 Stable, nonbleeding ... Plateletpheresis #Thresholds #NonBleeding
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Urinalysis >3 RBCs ... of UTI, urine WBCs ... (proteinuria, RBC ... casts, dysmorphic RBCs
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
/ Normochromic RBCs ... TIBC, Hypochromic RBCs ... Decreased RBC ... Thalassemia • RBC ... Disorder • RBC
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
glomerular hematuria (RBC ... or dysmorphic RBCs
Pathophysiology of Hemolytic Anemia
 - Defects in RBC internal contents (thalassemia, hemoglobinopathies, and metabolic defects)
 -
- Defects in RBC ... - Defects in RBC ... Defects in the RBC's
The differential diagnosis for an elevated MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) includes:

Conditions with Abnormal RBCs:
 •
with Abnormal RBCs ... : • Abnormal RBC ... Xerocytosis • RBC
Red cell autoagglutination is the process whereby red cells clump together forming aggregates. This is seen
red blood cells (RBCs ... serum due to the RBCs ... Smear #Microscopy #RBC