417 results
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... tubule (DCT) Clinical ... Metabolic alkalosis • Normal ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... diagnosis #nephrology #management
Isolated Hyperbilirubinemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Direct Hyperbilirubinemia: Dubin-Johnson Syndrome, Rotor Syndrome
Indirect Hyperbilirubinemia: 
 - Trauma, Hematoma,
Hyperbilirubinemia - Differential ... Dubin-Johnson Syndrome ... , Rotor Syndrome ... Reticulocyte Count Normal ... Hyperbilirubinemia #Isolated #Differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #Hypokalemia #Differential
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Exclude:
1. Causes of acute diarrhea
2. Lactose intolerance
3.
Irritable bowel syndrome ... Bacterial overgrowth Normal ... Laxative abuse Normal ... Chronic #Diarrhea #management ... workup #diagnosis #differential
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Algorithm High or Normal ... Malignancy • Normal ... disease, Milk Alkali Syndrome ... disease, Viral Syndromes
Causes of Respiratory Distress in the Newborn - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Premature Newborn
 - Normal CXR:
the Newborn - Differential ... Premature Newborn - Normal ... Respiratory Distress Syndrome ... Respiratory Distress Syndrome ... RespiratoryDistress #Newborn #Differential
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... PHOSPHATE - Low/NormaI ... Phenytoin, Nephrotic Syndrome ... PHOSPHATE - Normal ... #Hypocalcemia #Differential
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes and Mimics - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
90%:
 -
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes ... and Mimics - Differential ... Antiphospholipid Syndrome ... Vasculitis - Normal ... #Mimics #Differential
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
Diagnosis and Management ... (phenytoin) • NORMAL ... Formation: Hungy Bone Syndrome ... - DiGeorge Syndrome ... endocrinology #differential
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... Tumor genesis syndrome ... Renal Losses: • Normal ... ADHR, XLHR - Normal ... Hypophosphatemia #Differential