67 results
Causes of Knee Effusions - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Knee Effusion Red Flags:
1. Fever/Chills/Joint pain/Night sweats/Weight loss
	- DDX:
		-
- Differential ... Seronegative Reactive Syndrome ... - Synovium - Oral ... Effusions #causes #differential ... #diagnosis #msk
Mytomes - Segmental Innervation of Muscles
Shoulder	Abduction	C5	Axillary Nerve
Shoulder	Adduction	C6-C8	Thoracodorsal Nerve
Elbow	Flexion	C5	Musculocutaneous Nerve
Elbow	Extension	C7	Radial Nerve
Wrist	Extension	C6	Radial Nerve
Fingers	Flexion	C8	Median Nerve
Fingers	Abduction	T1	Ulnar Nerve
Hip	Flexion	L2	Nerve to Psoas
Hip	Extension	S1	Inferior Gluteal
Gluteal Nerve Knee ... Tibial Nerve Knee ... #MuscleGroups #MSK ... #Orthopedics #Neurology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... potassium #low #nephrology
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Algorithm High or Normal ... Malignancy • Normal ... disease, Viral Syndromes ... Algorithm #Workup #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... Tumor genesis syndrome ... Renal Losses: • Normal ... Hypophosphatemia #Differential ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Distal Radius Fracture 
Distal radius fracture is the most common orthopedic injury. Here's a quick summary.
•
the most common orthopedic ... • Most common orthopedic ... intra-articular dorsal ... carpal tunnel syndrome ... #MSK
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Hyperplasia • Normal ... Al, Normal R - ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... • Central Cord Syndrome ... Posterior Cord Syndrome ... signs #symptoms #msk ... #orthopedics #neurology
Vertebral Body Abnormalities

A sheet of common (and uncommon) vertebral body findings, because a completely “normal” spine
a completely “normal ... Vertebra Hurler Syndrome ... Morquio Syndrome ... Abnormalities #Radiology #MSK ... Vertebrae #diseases #differential
Spinal Cord Injury by Nerve Root Levels
Spinal Root	Sensory	Motor	Reflex
C4	Acromioclavicular Joint	Respiration	None
C5	Radial Antecubital Fossa	Elbow Flexion	Biceps Reflex
C6	Dorsal Thumb	Wrist Extension	Brachioradialis Reflex
C7	Dorsal
Biceps Reflex C6 Dorsal ... Femoral Condyle Knee ... Ankle Dorsiflexion Knee ... NerveRoots #Levels #differential ... #diagnosis #Neurology