55 results
Types of Urinary Diversion Procedures
Ileal Conduit:
 • Technically simpler, fewer complications, and well understood. No bladder
Types of Urinary ... (hernias), Urinary ... urinary continence ... urinary continence ... @drM_sudha #Urinary
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary ... Comparison: • Primary ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #PTH #Primary # ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Causes of Encephalopathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hyperacute:
 - Primary Neurologic: Vascular (IS, ICH), Seizure, Migraine, Trauma
Hyperacute: - Primary ... encephalopathy Acute: - Primary ... Subacute: - Primary ... paraneoplastic syndromes ... Chronic: - Primary
Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
• Primary Sjögren's is a solitary process whereas secondary Sjögren's
Primary Sjogren’ ... Clinical Findings • Primary ... processes like primary ... (Dry skin) #Primary ... #Pathophysiology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
life threatening complications ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... consumption • Low/Normal ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... / Complications ... Areflexia (loss of normal ... reflexes) • Urinary ... #MSK #pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Pretibial myxedema #Primary ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Upper Urinary Tract infection (UUTI): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Predisposing Factors:
 - Immunocompromised, Diabetes,
 - Elderly, Female
Upper Urinary Tract ... neurogenic bladder, urinary ... - Indwelling urinary ... accumulation Lower Urinary ... #Signs #Symptoms
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... secreting tumor, Primary ... , Gitelman syndrom ... potassium #low #nephrology
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
Mixed Urinary Incontinence ... Findings Urgency Urinary ... Incr PVR if a complication ... Incontinence #Mixed #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms