9 results
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Acellular Casts ... variety of acute and chronic ... suggestive of nephrotic sydnrome ... colored compounds (e.g ... Urine #Microscopy #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
• Fanconi's syndrome ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... Protein deposition (eg ... Amyloidosis) ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Causes of Fatigue - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Endocrine
 • Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
 • Diabetes
 • Pituitary Insufficiency
 • Adrenal
Causes of Fatigue ... Liver Failure • Hypercalcemia ... • Drug Abuse (e.g ... Fatigue Syndrome ... #causes
Pediatric Vomiting - Gastrointestinal and Systemic Causes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hepatobiliary:
 • Acute Hepatitis
 • Acute
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Uremia • Hypercalcemia ... Other: • Sepsis (e.g ... Psychogenic #Emesis ... #Causes #Peds #
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
countries (11-24 cases ... Americans (18-71 cases ... mortality: 9-14 cases ... of diagnosis (e.g ... sarcoidosis (1/3 of cases
Abdominal Distention - Differential Diagnostic Algorithm
Ascites
Bowel Dilatation
Other Causes
Mechanical Obstruction
 • Adhesions 60%
 • Volvulus 3%
 •
Dilatation Other Causes ... Hypothyroidism Chronic ... Medical Conditions (e.g ... Neuropathic • Enteric (e.g ... • Extrinsic (e.g
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... • Low EABV (e.g ... Creatinine • Chronic ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology ... #Causes
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... • Cell Lysis (e.g ... Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology ... #Causes
Nausea and Vomiting - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Upper Gastrointestinal - Acute
 • Infectious Gastroenteritis
 • Gastric/Duodenal Obstruction
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Uremia • Hypercalcemia ... Other • sepsis (e.g ... #Vomiting #emesis ... #Causes