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causes algorithm management hypokalemia potassium hypernatremia low metabolic classification hyponatremia sodium table workup high hyperkalemia hypomagnesemia medications pharmacology polyuria syndrome
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Hypernatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Inadequate ... • Osmotic diuresis ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... plasma insulin (treatment ... , Osmotic diuresis ... Hypokalemia #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... and metabolic alkalosis ... , Ketonuria, Osmotic ... #Causes #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift • Recovery From DKA • Refeeding Syndrome • Acute Respiratory
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Acute Respiratory Alkalosis ... Fanconi Syndrome • Osmotic ... Diuresis • Acute
Mechanisms of Lower Extremity Edema: #Diagnosis #Pathophys #EM #IM #Edema #Lower #LowerExtremity #Causes #Starling #Oncotic #Hydrostatic
Lower Extremity Edema ... : #Diagnosis #Pathophys ... #EM #IM #Edema ... Causes #Starling #Oncotic ... Hydrostatic #Pressure #Differential
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
hypernatremia - Osmotic ... diuretic, Loop ... diuresis - Extrarenal ... Classification #Features #Diagnosis ... Comparison #Table #Nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... periodic paralysis Osmotic ... disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Causes of Generalized Edema - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Overfill (Increased renal sodium retention, Urine Na > 40meq/L)
of Generalized Edema ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Increased Interstitial Oncotic ... Decreased Capillary Oncotic
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Workup ... , osmotic (solute ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Pitting vs Non-Pitting Edema: Differential Diagnosis For pitting edema: there's generally an issue with : ↑
vs Non-Pitting Edema ... : Differential Diagnosis ... pressure ↓ Plasma oncotic ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #causes
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