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algorithm causes hypokalemia management sodium potassium hypernatremia table alkalosis classification hypomagnesemia metabolic polyuria magnesium medications pathophysiology pharmacology siadh workup criticalcare
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Inadequate ... • Osmotic diuresis ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
- Osmotic diuretic ... , Loop diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... Classification #Features #Diagnosis ... Comparison #Table #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , osmotic (solute ... #Differential # ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
- Differential ... administration • Osmotic ... diuresis (see Polyuria ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... alkalosis, Ketonuria, Osmotic ... #Causes #nephrology
Hyponatremia Correction 1. Indications for Hypertonic Saline: seizure, coma, focal findings - typically occurs with
Hyponatremia Correction ... Overcorrection of Hyponatremia ... → Osmotic Demyelination ... 3cc/kg/h, loop diuretics ... rate #management #nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Excess Intake of Water: • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia") •
Diagnosis Excess ... Solute (a.k.a. osmotic ... diuresis): • ... • Central Dl (Low ... #nephrology
Increased Urination - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Increased Volume / Frequency • Increased osmotic load (Increased
Increased Urination - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... • Increased osmotic ... urine (usually low ... Increased intake (low
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Hypokalemia - Osmotic ... diuresis - ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Low
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
plasma insulin (treatment ... thiazide-like diuretics ... , Osmotic diuresis ... Hypokalemia #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
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