22 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... • Osmotic diuresis ... #Causes #nephrology ... #sodium #high
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... , osmotic (solute ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
- Osmotic diuretic ... , Loop diuretics ... Classification #Features #Diagnosis ... #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
: • ADH ON (UOsm ... , Medications (diuretics ... salt wasting • ADH ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
Neurological event 2) Sodium ... ) Naturiesis → diuresis ... Hypovolaemia → ADH ... #nephrology #hyponatremia ... #comparison
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
: SIADH, Renal Sodium ... loss (diuretics ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... volume loss - diuretics ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... majority of cases, ADH ... 3 questions to work ... patients at risk for osmotic ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
- Differential Diagnosis ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... administration • Osmotic ... diuresis (see Polyuria ... #Nephrology #Differential
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... Methazolamide Osmotic ... as no effect on sodium ... antidiuretic hormone (ADH ... #Pharmacology #nephrology