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differential causes algorithm hyponatremia sodium classification hypokalemia table workup hypomagnesemia magnesium pathophysiology siadh comparison correction criticalcare curves diuresis druginduced elevated
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
- Osmotic diuretic ... , Loop diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... Classification #Features #Diagnosis ... Comparison #Table #Nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... • Osmotic diuresis ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... • Euvolemic (Low ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... , osmotic (solute ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology
Hyponatremia Correction 1. Indications for Hypertonic Saline: seizure, coma, focal findings - typically occurs with
Indications for ... → Osmotic Demyelination ... 3cc/kg/h, loop diuretics ... Correction #goal #rate #management ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
- Differential Diagnosis ... administration • Osmotic ... diuresis (see Polyuria ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... alkalosis, Ketonuria, Osmotic ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Renal Loses - Medications ... Hypokalemia - Osmotic ... diuresis - ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Low #Magnesium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
periodic paralysis Osmotic ... irrigation • Management ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
> 30): SIADH, Medications ... (diuretics), Hypothyroidism ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Low intake • poor oral intake Renal loss • Medication • Hypomagnesemia •
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Low ... Renal loss • Medication ... Hypomagnesemia • Osmotic ... diuresis • Mineralocorticoids
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