184 results
diagnosis differential algorithm causes microscopy clinical hyponatremia management crystals pathophysiology pharmacology hypokalemia workup treatment casts crystalluria medications sodium syndrome uricacid
Causes of Generalized Edema - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Overfill (Increased renal sodium retention, Urine Na > 40meq/L)
sodium retention, Urine ... Increased Interstitial Oncotic ... Decreased Capillary Oncotic
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
145 mmol/L High Urine ... administration • Osmotic ... glucosuria Low Urine ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min) Osmotic
Algorithm Polyuria - Urine ... day, Increased Urine ... Volume (>2ml/min) Osmotic ... Diuresis Urine ... #Polyuria #Nephrology
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action Diuretics 1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin 2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics) 3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide) 4)
canagliflozin 2) Osmotic ... Sites #Action #nephrology
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action 1) Acetazolamide 2) Osmotic
Acetazolamide 2) Osmotic ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron 1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) 2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol) 3) Loop
inhibitor) 2) Osmotic ... #pharmacology #nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Excess Intake of Water: • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia") •
Solute (a.k.a. osmotic ... Polyuria Mimics (↑ urine ... frequency without ↑ urine ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Algorithm 1) Check Urine ... Hypovolemic: Diuretics, osmotic ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Diuretics • Osmotic ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Summary of Diuretic Agents Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
• Triamterene OSMOTIC ... summary #table #nephrology
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