13 results
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Causes: • Large ... / Symptoms / Complications ... #MSK #pathophysiology ... #signs
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
mutations - Down syndrome ... chromosome 21) Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... memory • Aphasia, word-finding ... #symptoms
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Myopathy (Also caused ... Erythematosus #SLE #MSK ... Musculoskeletal #Complications ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #diagnosis
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
and signs below ... injury • Gait is abnormal ... Causes: 1. ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... differential #algorithm
Pulmonary Pathology and Associated Lung Ultrasound Findings
Pneumothorax:
 - No lung sliding/barcode sign
 - Lung point (hard
pleura in severe cases ... Respiratory Distress Syndrome ... lung sliding COPD ... submassive PE) POCUS ... #Lung #POCUS #ultrasound
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
and damage of organs ... anterior/posterior MSK ... ), liver (pain/abnormal ... Diagnosis #Management #Signs ... #Symptoms
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
inflammation Symptoms ... Nasal polyps and signs ... Physical stigmata of cor ... advanced disease Complications ... - BAR >1.0 is abnormal
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
10-33% develop MS ... • Bilateral signs ... and/or symptoms ... Sjogren's • CSF: - Abnormal ... • Infectious causes
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
Paget’s Disease: Complications ... bone formation MSK ... or the spinal cord ... pathophysiology #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
→ Syncope • Signs ... /Symptoms: - Lightheadedness ... temp normal/mildly ... Organ and tissue ... differential #diagnosis #causes