46 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... • Red cell casts ... crystals may indicate metabolic ... key #diagnosis #nephrology ... #casts
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... Immune mediated injury ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... - Differential ... K+: • Tissue injury ... lysis syndrome • Metabolic ... blockers - MCW Nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Management Summary Causes ... Heat stroke - Metabolic ... Cast formation: ... #treatment #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
, Heat stroke, Metabolic ... Cast formation: ... hour with goal urine ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... Management #Summary #causes
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... , urine microscopy ... osmolarity If cause ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
to Acute Kidney Injury ... common culprits: Hypovolemia ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Serum K, Urine pH < 5.5 - Proximal RTA
Decreased
- Differential ... pH > 6.0 - Hypokalemic ... Tubulointerstitial injury ... Tubular #Acidosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology