13 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... Differential Diagnosis ... - Acute and chronic ... Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... failure, acute or chronic ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Pheochromocytoma Chronic ... #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
GI losses - Chronic ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Hyperuricemia - Differential ... (AML) • Chronic ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Hypernatremia - Differential ... cisplatin) - Chronic ... hypercalcemia ... #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Pathologic / Fragility Fractures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Tumours
 - See Bone Lesions Scheme
Paget's Disease
 -
- Secondary to Chronic ... Fractures #Pathologic #MSK ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Orthopedics ... #Causes
Chronic Joint Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Intra-Articular
 - Bone
     • Stress
Chronic Joint Pain ... - Differential ... Intraarticular #MSK ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Orthopedics ... #Causes
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia ... mediators such as hypercalcaemia ... patients) and/or hypercalcuria ... but stable or chronic ... anterior/posterior MSK
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup and Differential ... with previously stable ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Hyperthyroidism, Hypercalcemia ... #Differential #