2233 results
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Extravascular: Pancreatitis, surgery, acute phosphate intake and renal
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... renal failure, Osteoblastic ... #Hypocalcemia #Differential
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential ... Pancreatitis, Sepsis, Osteoblastic ... Hypocalcemia #Workup #Differential
Bone resorption and the relationship between osteoblasts and osteoclasts.  
RANK is expressed on the osteoclasts,
relationship between osteoblasts ... and osteoclasts ... expressed on the osteoclasts ... RANK stimulates osteoclast ... #Osteoclasts #Bone
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
syndrome) - Osteoblastic ... Causes #diagnosis #differential
Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Negative feedback on hypothalamus/pituitary, Decreasing ACTH -> Decr Sex
production of osteoblasts ... and GF's -> Osteoblasts ... expression of osteoclasts ... -> Incr Osteoclasts
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
bone syndrome), Osteoblastic ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes #differential
Malignant Bone Tumors: Pathogenesis of X-ray appearance

 • Metastatic bone tumors (aka. cancerous cells from systemic
cells activate osteoblasts ... more than osteoclasts ... activate largely osteoclasts
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
IGFIR activates osteoblasts
Bisphosphonates for Osteoporosis Treatment or Prevention 

Bisphosphonates are common medications used in the treatment and prevention
Bisphosophonates inhibit osteoclasts
Fracture Healing (and disruptors of this process)
Inflammatory Stage (0-7d)
 • Fracture disrupts local blood vessels ->
cartilaginous matrix by osteoblasts ... mos - yrs) • Osteoclast-osteoblast ... gentamycin - Toxic to osteoblasts