7 results
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
- Pathophysiology ... PTH-mediated ... • Parathyroid cancer ... adenocarcinoma of thyroid Vitamin ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
hypercalcemia Vitamin ... • Excessive vitamin ... disease of bone Malignancy ... Hypercalcemia #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
Serum levels of PTH ... activating mutation - Parathyroid ... pseudohypoparathyroidism) - Vitamin ... Hyperparathyroidism #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin ... , ↓→Calcium, ↓Vitamin ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis ... #endocrinology ... #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
- Differential Diagnosis ... /lsotretinoin Malignancy ... • PTH-Related ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview

Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors

Findings:
 • Bleeding
 • Recent history
Coagulation (DIC) Overview ... trauma, sepsis, malignancy ... • Prolonged PT ... protein C and S Pathophysiology ... #Coagulation #diagnosis
Acromegaly - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook 

Clinical Presentation: 
 • Classic Acromegaly: frontal
Usually presents ~5th ... colon (↑polyps & malignancy ... to CVD & colon malignancy ... Pathophysiology ... #Management #Endocrinology