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diagnosis differential causes nephrology hyperkalemia hypokalemia management treatment high low pathophysiology hypophosphatemia workup alopecia classification dermatology endocrinology focal hairloss kdigo
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift ... Transcellular shifts ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... nephrology #low #potassium
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve Left Shift - decreased unloading of O2 at tissue level (i.e. increased
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation ... Curve Left Shift ... Hypophosphatæmia Right Shift ... cell anemia #Oxyhemoglobin ... #Left #Right #Shift
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Increased Intake • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Excretion (IV potassium ... Transcellular Shift ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
minutes) Decrease potassium ... • IV Fluids Shift ... potassium intracellularly ... Sodium bicarbonate Potassium ... Hyperkalemia #management #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm • IV calcium • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm ... Dialysis Serum potassium ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... #hyperkalemia #potassium ... diagnosis #management #algorithm
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm ... Decreased renal potassium ... Drugs Increased potassium ... (oral/iv) • Potassium-rich ... Hyperkalemia #Diagnosis #algorithm
Causes of Hyperkalemia Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
caused by excess potassium ... intake, impaired potassium ... transcellular shifts ... adapt to excess potassium ... excretion, increased potassium
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 Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium ... #differential #algorithm
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Increased EC shift ... #pharmacology #potassium
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