82 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
== Decreased RBC ... Hypertriglyceridemia • Uremia ... turnover • Acute ... • Hemolytic anemia ... End-stage renal disease
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Atlas
 • Microcytic - Iron-deficiency anemia, Thalassemia, Sideroblastic anemia, Lead poisoning
Red Blood Cell (RBC ... , Liver diseases ... Malignant tumors, Acute ... , Liver diseases ... coagulopathy (DIC) #RBC
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
Overall Approach to Anemia ... Blood Loss • Acute ... • Anemia of Chronic ... Disease • Marrow ... Non-lmmune #Anemia
Gastrointestinal Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Anemia
In patients with anemia, diagnose iron deficiency if:
 • Ferritin <
Iron Deficiency Anemia ... Test for celiac disease ... change medical management ... Gastrointestinal #Evaluation #workup ... #diagnosis #gastroenterology
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia ... Consider sickle cell disease ... , Hemoglobin H disease ... ARUPLabs #Hemolytic #Anemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #workup
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Signs and Symptoms ... but elevated as disease ... pregnancy, Cardiac diseases ... , IgG4 related disease ... cholangitis #diagnosis #workup
Suspected Celiac Disease - Diagnosis Algorithm

Celiac disease suspected:
 • Signs and symptoms of celiac disease
 •
Suspected Celiac Disease ... suspected: • Signs ... Iron-deficiency anemia ... discernable cause • Signs ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #gastroenterology
General algorithm for the management of inflammatory pancreatic fluid collections. 

ANC, acute necrotic collection; APFC, acute
algorithm for the management ... ANC, acute necrotic ... pancreatitis; PC ... pseudocyst #algorithm #management ... #gastroenterology
Indications for ERCP
1. Biliary Tract Diseases:
 • Biliary obstruction: Choledocholithiasis, Malignant biliary strictures, Benign biliary strictures
Biliary Tract Diseases ... Pancreatic Diseases ... biopsy, Recurrent acute ... #Indications #management ... #gastroenterology
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor
The maturation factor is
transform into a RBC ... Index < 2: • Anemia ... Chronic kidney disease ... Index > 3: • Acute ... , Intrinsic RBC