219 results
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Iron deficiency anemia ... anemia (sometimes ... Sideroblastic anemia ... iron deficiency anemia ... Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Hemolytic Anemias - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Signs of anemia and hemolysis:
 • ↓ Haptoglobin
 • ↑ LDH
Hemolytic Anemias ... Diagnosis Algorithm Signs ... of anemia and hemolysis ... • Extrinsic RBC ... • Intrinsic RBC
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Atlas
 • Microcytic - Iron-deficiency anemia, Thalassemia, Sideroblastic anemia, Lead poisoning
Red Blood Cell (RBC ... , Liver diseases ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... Hemolytic uremic syndrome ... coagulopathy (DIC) #RBC
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... blasts and high WBC ... hyperviscosity syndrome ... >100k, + lab signs ... treatment (no calcium
Micronutrient Deficiencies After Gastric Bypass
Fat-Soluble Vitamins:
 • Vitamin A - Night/complete blindness, xeropthalmia (pathologic dryness of
Vitamin D - Bone disease ... ataxia), Korsakoff syndrome ... B12 - Macrocytic anemia ... , Elements: • Calcium ... - Bone disease,
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
== Decreased RBC ... Hypertriglyceridemia • Uremia ... Glucose Content • RBC ... • Hemolytic anemia ... End-stage renal disease
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
Overall Approach to Anemia ... Deficiency • Aplastic Anemia ... • Anemia of Chronic ... Disease • Marrow ... Non-lmmune #Anemia
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
vein: Budd-chiari syndrome ... Venoocclusive disease ... Autoimmune hepatitis, PBC ... stone, Malignancy, PBC ... • Gilbert's syndrome
Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
• Primary Sjögren's is a solitary process whereas secondary Sjögren's
other autoimmune diseases ... biliary cirrhosis (PBC ... with systemic diseases ... erythematosus (SLE) Signs ... Pathophysiology #Diagnosis #Signs
Common RBC Inclusions and Associations
 • Howell Jolly Bodies: Hyposplenism, Asplenism, Severe hemolytic anemia
 • Heinz
Common RBC Inclusions ... Severe hemolytic anemia ... Sideroblastic anemia ... , Hemolytic anemia ... : Hemoglobin H disease