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diagnosis differential algorithm renal oncology workup hematology aki blood hematuria hyponatremia kidney syndromes barre cardiology casts classification cns encephalopathy glomerulonephritis
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
repeat testing • Acute ... (proteinuria, RBC ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... glomerular hematuria (RBC ... casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)? ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... hematuria • Signs ... • Nutcracker syndrome ... #urology #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... RBC casts ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Urine Microscopy - Casts Acellular Casts • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of acute ... in a variety of acute ... : • RBC Casts - ... #nephrology #interpretation
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
Simplified Approach to Acute ... e.g AEIOU ) or anuria ... require urgent nephrology ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... workup #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis Turbid White Urine (Albinuria): • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
Causes Abnormal ... Bag Syndrome - ... UTI caused by (Proteus ... deficiency, sickle cell anemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
BEE Syndromes - Immune-mediated conditions affecting the brain, eye, and ear Visual or auditory symptoms in conjunction
BEE Syndromes - ... diagnosis and treatment ... Inflammatory causes ... • Acute disseminated ... #neurology #inflammatory
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