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diagnosis hematology management differential neurology oncology symptoms algorithm intravascular aplastic barre classification crisis erythematosus extravascular guillain hemolysis leukemia lupus mds
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
, CLL Acute leukemias ... ALL (Acute Lymphoblastic ... count ↑ PLT • ↑ PBS ... - infiltrates (anemia ... • Tumor lysis syndrome
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Atlas • Microcytic - Iron-deficiency anemia, Thalassemia, Sideroblastic anemia, Lead poisoning
Red Blood Cell ( ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... Malignant tumors, Acute ... Hemolytic uremic syndrome ... #differential #hematology
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
Physical Exam/Signs ... Lymphocytosis on CBC ... • Neutropenia, anemia ... microglobulin Treatment ... ’s lymphoma or acute
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... count cause hyperviscosity ... - ACS, AKI, acute ... >100k, + lab signs ... : • Pathophysiology
Aplastic Anemia - Illness Script Signs and symptoms: • Recurrent infections from neutropenia • Mucosal bleeding from
Illness Script Signs ... Treatment: • Consider ... stem cell transplant ... progress to MDS or acute ... #hematology
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... old, ~10,000 new cases ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... transformation to acute ... Allogeneic stem cell
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Extravascular Causes ... ) - HELLP syndrome ... ) (e.g. lupus, CLL ... • Intrinsic RBC ... #anemia
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Spurious: • Artifact (redo CBC) Autonomous: • Essential thrombocytosis • Polycythemia
Artifact (redo CBC ... Infectious: • Acute ... effect following treatment ... Iron deficiency anemia ... #Hematology
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Secondary Thrombocytosis (a.k.a Reactive Thrombocytosis): • Acute infection • Solid organ
Causes of Thrombocytosis ... Thrombocytosis): • Acute ... malignancies • Anemia ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... myeloid leukemia (CML
Differentiation Syndrome in APML Epidemiology: • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study) • Triggers:
Differentiation Syndrome ... Triggers: ATRA treatment ... Pathophysiology ... • Induce blast cell ... Renal Failure Treatment
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