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diagnosis hematology management neurology oncology differential algorithm aplastic barre erythematosus guillain lupus mds myelodysplastic sle systemic thrombocytosis acidosis apml cancer
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Spurious: • Artifact (redo CBC) Autonomous: • Essential thrombocytosis • Polycythemia
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia ... Infectious: • Acute ... effect following treatment ... Iron deficiency anemia ... #Hematology
Aplastic Anemia - Illness Script Signs and symptoms: • Recurrent infections from neutropenia • Mucosal bleeding from
Illness Script Signs ... Treatment: • Consider ... progress to MDS or acute ... leukemia • Associated ... #hematology
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... old, ~10,000 new cases ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... transformation to acute ... leukemia Management
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Secondary Thrombocytosis (a.k.a Reactive Thrombocytosis): • Acute infection • Solid organ
Causes of Thrombocytosis ... Thrombocytosis): • Acute ... malignancies • Anemia ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... Chronic myeloid leukemia
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... count cause hyperviscosity ... - ACS, AKI, acute ... >100k, + lab signs ... : • Pathophysiology
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
Physical Exam/Signs ... Lymphocytosis on CBC ... • Neutropenia, anemia ... microglobulin Treatment ... ’s lymphoma or acute
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
-> AML: Blast crises ... count ↑ PLT • ↑ PBS ... develop leukostasis syndrome ... - infiltrates (anemia ... • Tumor lysis syndrome
Aplastic Anemia - Overview Who? • M = F • 3 peaks: 1) Childhood 2) 15-25 years 3) >60 years What? • Aplastic anemia
and petechiae Causes ... virus (EBV) • Leukemia ... • ↓ WBC • ↓ ... Treatment: ... #oncology #hematology
Differentiation Syndrome in APML Epidemiology: • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study) • Triggers:
Differentiation Syndrome ... Triggers: ATRA treatment ... Pathophysiology ... Renal Failure Treatment ... Differentiation #Syndrome
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... leukemia and lymphomas ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
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