12 results
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... throughout (upper urinary ... Diagnosis #EM #IM ... #Urology #Hematuria ... #Ddxof
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... → Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified ... by UW IM Residency ... #Workup #urology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
: Red/Dark urine ... 1ml blood/liter urine ... clots ➔ Lower Urinary ... Upper and Lower urinary ... #urology #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Cl-: Vomiting, ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... Cl-: Diuretics, ... Liddle syndrome #Primary
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Cl-: Vomiting, ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... Cl-: Diuretics, ... #Nephrology #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... , Low R - Primary ... Normotensive: • UCl ... Post-hypercapnia • UCl ... #nephrology #causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary ... Cl- responsive ... Kidney loss of Cl ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Urinary ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm ... microscopy / urinary ... calcium Optional: urinary ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... GI Bleed) • NaCl ... Deprivation Test • Primary ... #Polyuria #Nephrology ... #Causes
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
UOP/weights - Urine ... Na/K/Cl/urea/protein ... pre-renal) - Urinary ... AcuteKidneyInjury #AKI #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm