12 results
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
HIV / AIDS - Differential ... hemorrhage • CSF PCR ... Toxoplasma gondii PCR ... • JC-virus PCR ... Enhancement • PCR
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
CNS Ring-Enhancing ... Diagnosis- Compatible syndrome ... PCR 50% sensitive ... Lesions #Brain #differential ... causes #radiology #neurology
Paraproteinemias

Entities That Can Feature A Monoclonal Protein/M Component:
• MM
• WM
• MGUS
• MGCS
• MGRS
• Splenic Marginal Zone
Zone Lymphoma (HCV ... et diutinum Neurologic ... WAIHA • CAD • PCH ... Evans • ITP • Cl-NH ... Hematology #Monoclonal #Differential
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
and infects the CNS ... in the CNS ○ ... Infected cells - ... The clinical syndrome ... dementia #AIDS #Neurology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
lumbar spine • MCC ... (CES) is usually ... cord infarct • HIV ... #differential # ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Donath-Landsteiner Antibodies[PCH ... Cold Agglutinin Syndrome ... Mycoplasma, EBV, HIV ... younger pts) Differential ... Hemoglobinuria (PCH
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
Differentiation Syndrome ... Release from blast cells ... initiation • Differential ... • Steroids: IV ... fluid overload, PCC
Orbital Apex Syndrome secondary to Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO)

This 81 yo male was referred to our
Orbital Apex Syndrome ... PCP with valacyclovir ... Orbital Apex Syndrome ... ophthalmology #physicalexam ... #neurology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... (AG) = {Na - (Cl ... glycol (present in IV ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... acidosis: - CNS
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Antibiotics (Bactrim, PCN ... Bicarb<22) - avoid NS ... • Calcium 2-3g IV ... Drives K+ into cells ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology