67 results
Cyclosporiasis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Pathogen: 
 • Cyclospora cayetanensis
 • Foodborne, waterbone, and soil-transmitted.
 •
Cyclosporiasis - Diagnosis ... Pathogen: • Cyclospora ... intracellular parasite ... relevance of +PCR ... Cyclosporiasis #Cyclospora
ID Ddx: Diarrhea in a transplant recipient
- Bacterial: C.diff, Campy, Salmonella, Aeromonas, E.coli
- Viral: CMV, noro,
adeno, entero - Parasitic ... Crypto, Isospora, Cyclospora ... Differential #Ddx #Diagnosis
Cyclosporiasis - Cyclospora cayetanensis Life Cycle
Oocyst (Unsporulated)
1) Excretion of unsporulated oocysts in the stool
2) Environmental contamination
3)
Cyclosporiasis - Cyclospora ... Cyclosporiasis #Cyclospora ... cayetanensis #LifeCycle #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... infectiousdiseases #cdc #parasite
Common causes of post-Transplant Diarrhea
 • Bacterial: Clostridium difficile, Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Bacterial overgrowth, Aeromonus
Adenovirus • Parasitic ... Cryptosporidium, Isosopora Cyclospora ... Transplant #Diarrhea #diagnosis
Acute Diarrhea - Differential Diagnosis Framework
1)  Diagnostic studies only for dysentery, severe disease, >7 days
2)
- Differential Diagnosis ... Framework 1) Diagnostic ... disease, >7 days 2) PCR ... Cystisospora belli, Cyclospora ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Exogenous (KCL ... #differential #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #
Strongyloides fuelleborni Lifecycle
Free-Living Cycle
1) Eggs containing rhabditiform larvae passed in feces.
2) Rhabditiform larvae hatch in environment.
Parasitic Cycle ... become adults. 8) Parasitic ... intestine 9) Parasitic ... fuelleborni #LifeCycle #Parasite ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
convoluted tubule (PCT ... filtered Na+/K+/Cl ... filtered Na+ and Cl ... Segments #Function #Pathophysiology ... Tubules #Table #Pharmacology
Diarrhea Workup and Management Algorithm in Transplant Patients
First Tier Microbiologic-Testing:
1. C. difficile PCR (Stool)
2. CMV qPCR
C. difficile PCR ... Norovirus PCR (Stool ... consider multiplex PCR ... Ova and Parasite ... Algorithm #Transplant #diagnosis
Pulmonary Infections in HIV-AIDS
Bacterial: 
 • No organism identified, Strep pneumoniae, H. influenzae, S.aureus, Streptococcus Grp
• CD4 < 200: PCP ... Penicillium marneffei Parasitic ... Fungal, AFB), TB PCR ... sputum, PCP DFA ... HIVAIDS #workup #diagnosis